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What are Viruses?

What are Viruses?

Maturation of Endosomes

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...

Bacterial Protein Maturation

Bacterial Protein Maturation

Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...

Introduction to Virus

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...

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Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC

Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC

Published on: February 13, 2020

Virus Maturation.

Carmen San Martín¹

¹Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain. carmen@cnb.csic.es.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|July 19, 2019

Summary

Virus maturation involves essential changes in the protein shell (capsid) for successful infection. Advances in virology reveal conserved structural solutions and new classifications for understanding viral capsid maturation.

Area of Science:

Virology
Structural Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Viral capsids protect the genome and facilitate host cell entry.
Newly assembled capsids often require a maturation process to become infectious.
Maturation involves conformational changes, frequently triggered by proteolytic cleavage.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on virus maturation across different structural lineages.
To highlight the role of capsid conformational changes in viral infectivity.
To discuss recent advances in understanding virus maturation principles.

Main Methods:

Analysis of molecular, structural, and physical virology data.
Review of viral capsid assembly and maturation pathways.

Keywords:

Capsid Maturation Scaffold Stability Uncoating Virus assembly Virus proteases Virus structure

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Isolation and Culture of Human Mature Adipocytes Using Membrane Mature Adipocyte Aggregate Cultures MAAC

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Classification of viruses based on structural lineages and ancestral solutions.

Main Results:

Viral capsids utilize a limited repertoire of structural solutions.
A new classification system for viruses based on structural lineages has emerged.
Maturation is crucial for ensuring efficient genome delivery to new host cells.

Conclusions:

Understanding virus maturation is key to deciphering viral infectious cycles.
Structural virology advances provide new insights into capsid assembly and function.
Virus classification based on structural lineages aids in comprehending evolutionary principles.