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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment
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Smartphone GPS accuracy study in an urban environment.

Krista Merry1, Pete Bettinger1

  • 1Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America.

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|July 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

iPhone 6 GPS accuracy in urban areas was tested across seasons and times. Higher WiFi usage generally improved positional accuracy, with afternoon testing showing better results during the leaf-off season.

Area of Science:

  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Mobile Device Location Technologies
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Background:

  • Accurate positioning is crucial for various applications, including navigation and data collection.
  • Mobile devices like smartphones are increasingly used for location-based services, but their accuracy in complex environments is a concern.
  • Understanding factors influencing smartphone GPS accuracy is essential for reliable data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relative positional accuracy of an iPhone 6 in an urban setting.
  • To investigate the impact of seasonal variations, time of day, and Wi-Fi usage on horizontal position accuracy.
  • To compare the observed accuracy with established benchmarks for recreation-grade GPS receivers.

Main Methods:

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  • An iPhone 6 equipped with Avenza software was used to capture horizontal positions.
  • Data collection was conducted across two seasons, two times of day, and two perceived Wi-Fi usage periods.
  • Positional errors were analyzed to determine the influence of different environmental and usage factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Seasonal variations did not significantly affect average horizontal position error, with or without Wi-Fi.
    • Horizontal position error showed improvement in the afternoon during the leaf-off season.
    • Higher perceived Wi-Fi usage periods correlated with improved horizontal position accuracy across seasons and times of day.
    • Overall average horizontal position accuracy ranged from 7-13 meters.

    Conclusions:

    • The iPhone 6's positional accuracy in urban environments is comparable to recreation-grade GPS receivers.
    • Perceived Wi-Fi usage, potentially indicating higher human presence, appears to be a key factor in improving smartphone GPS accuracy.
    • Time of day and season have a less pronounced effect on accuracy compared to Wi-Fi usage levels.