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Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mengying Li1, Ellen Francis1, Stefanie N Hinkle1

  • 1Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.

Nutrients
|July 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Maternal folic acid and multivitamin intake before and during pregnancy may reduce the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. More research is needed on other nutritional factors and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
attention deficit disorder with hyperactivityautism spectrum disorderdevelopmental origins of health and diseasemeta-analysisneurodevelopmental disorderspregnancy nutritionsystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preconception and prenatal nutrition significantly impact fetal brain development.
  • The precise links between maternal nutrition and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders remain unclear.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the scientific literature on the association between preconception and prenatal nutrition and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.
  • To synthesize evidence regarding maternal nutritional factors and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disabilities.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase up to March 2019.
  • Studies examining nutrient intake, food intake, or dietary patterns as nutritional exposures were included.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes focused on ASD, ADHD, and intellectual disabilities.

Main Results:

  • Twenty articles on ASD and 17 on ADHD were reviewed.
  • Maternal folic acid or multivitamin supplementation showed an inverse association with children's risk of ASD (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.90).
  • Evidence for other dietary factors and their association with ASD, ADHD, and intellectual disabilities was inconclusive.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal folic acid and multivitamin supplementation may be protective against autism spectrum disorder.
  • Further research with objective nutritional assessment and causal inference designs is warranted for other dietary factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes.