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Portable stir membrane device for on-site environmental sampling and extraction.

Francisco Antonio Casado-Carmona1, María Del Carmen Alcudia-León1, Rafael Lucena1

  • 1Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.

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A new portable device simplifies on-site water sampling and extraction. This innovative tool efficiently isolates endocrine-disrupting compounds like benzophenones for accurate analysis.

Keywords:
BenzophenoneMicroextractionSamplerStir membraneSwimming pool

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health.
  • Accurate monitoring of EDCs in water bodies requires efficient and portable sampling methods.
  • Existing methods can be complex, time-consuming, and not suitable for on-site deployment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a portable device for integrated sampling and extraction of target analytes from water samples.
  • To demonstrate the device's utility for multi-site sampling and on-site analysis.
  • To assess the extraction efficiency and analytical performance for benzophenones in swimming pool water.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a portable sampling and extraction unit using commercial, standardized components.
  • Utilization of a nylon membrane as the extraction phase, adaptable to other flat sorptive materials.
  • Optimized hydrodynamic design and stirring mechanism for enhanced analyte diffusion.
  • Analysis of extracted benzophenones using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

  • The portable device demonstrated reproducibility and ease of on-site deployment for multi-site sampling.
  • Successful extraction of benzophenones from swimming pool samples.
  • Achieved limit of detection as low as 0.1 μg/L for benzophenones.
  • High precision (RSD < 9.9%) and acceptable accuracy (74-111% relative recovery) were obtained.

Conclusions:

  • The developed portable device offers a robust and efficient solution for on-site water sampling and extraction of EDCs.
  • The integrated system facilitates simplified and cost-effective monitoring of water quality.
  • This technology holds potential for broader applications in environmental monitoring and analysis.