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The Statistical Scale Effect as a Source of Positive Genetic Correlation Between Mean and Variability: A Simulation

Adile Tatliyer1, Isabel Cervantes2, Nora Formoso-Rafferty3

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Avsar Campus, 46100, Onikisubat, Kahramanmaras, Turkey and.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|July 20, 2019
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This study quantifies the genetic correlation between trait variability and trait mean in animal breeding. Results show a scale effect explains this correlation, impacting selection strategies for improved animal production and welfare.

Keywords:
environmental variabilityheteroscedastic modelscale effect

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Animal Breeding
  • Statistical Genetics

Background:

  • Animal production aims to maximize income and minimize costs while ensuring animal welfare.
  • Selection experiments have observed correlated responses in trait variability alongside changes in the mean.
  • The relationship between a trait's mean and its environmental variability is a key factor in understanding these correlated responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the genetic correlation between a quantitative trait and its environmental variability using simulations.
  • To investigate the role of the scale effect in explaining the observed genetic correlations.
  • To assess the impact of heritability and coefficient of variation on this genetic correlation.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations were used to estimate the genetic correlation between a trait and its environmental variability.
  • The study explored a range of coefficients of variation (CV) from 0.05 to 0.50 and heritabilities.
  • The scale effect's influence was analyzed across different parameter values, including genetic coefficient of variation (GCV).

Main Results:

  • A significant positive genetic correlation was found between trait mean and environmental variability, attributable to the scale effect.
  • Genetic correlations ranged from 0.1335 to 0.7021, influenced by heritability and CV.
  • For traits with heritability 0.25-0.35 and CV 0.15-0.25, the scale effect generated genetic correlations of 0.43-0.57.

Conclusions:

  • The scale effect provides a plausible explanation for many reported genetic correlations between traits and their variability.
  • Understanding the scale effect is crucial for developing selection strategies that simultaneously increase trait means and reduce variability.
  • This research has implications for optimizing animal breeding programs for economic efficiency and improved animal welfare.