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Factors triggering queen executions in the Argentine ant.

Sílvia Abril1, Crisanto Gómez2

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Campmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain. silvia.abril@udg.edu.

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Argentine ant workers execute more nestmate queens in warmer temperatures and with higher queen numbers. Chemical cues related to fertility, specifically cuticular hydrocarbons, appear to guide workers in selecting less productive queens for execution.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Chemical Ecology

Background:

  • Polygynous societies face queen competition, leading to executions or reproductive conflicts.
  • Understanding queen execution regulation is crucial for polygynous insect societies.
  • Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) exhibit secondary polygyny and high rates of nestmate queen execution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the effects of ambient temperature, queen number, and protein deprivation on queen executions in Argentine ants.
  • Determine if workers select queens for execution based on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of temperature, queen number, and protein availability.
  • Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of surviving and executed queens.
  • Correlation analysis between environmental factors and queen execution rates.

Main Results:

  • Queen execution rates positively correlated with ambient temperature and queen number.
  • Protein deprivation did not significantly affect queen execution rates.
  • Specific CHC profiles differed between surviving and executed queens, with higher levels in survivors.
  • Identified CHCs linked to queen productivity (egg-laying rate, ovarian index) in surviving queens.

Conclusions:

  • Ambient temperature and queen density are key factors mediating queen executions in Argentine ants.
  • Workers appear to use chemical cues (CHCs) to identify and execute less productive queens.
  • Fertility signaling via CHCs may play a significant role in regulating queen numbers in this invasive species.