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Neural Compensatory Response During Complex Cognitive Function Tasks in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Near-Infrared
Jin A Yoon1, In Joo Kong1, JongKwan Choi2
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea.
Neural Plasticity
|July 20, 2019
Summary
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) shows varied prefrontal cortex activation. Nonamnestic MCI patients exhibited neural compensation during the Stroop test, suggesting differing brain responses based on MCI type and cognitive tasks.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects the elderly, with distinct subtypes like amnestic and nonamnestic.
- Understanding prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and neural compensation mechanisms in MCI is crucial for early detection and intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare PFC activation levels in healthy elderly, amnestic MCI, and nonamnestic MCI groups.
- To investigate neural compensatory mechanisms in the PFC across different MCI subtypes and cognitive tasks.
Main Methods:
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure hemodynamic responses in the PFC.
- Participants completed cognitive tasks: two-back test, Korean color word Stroop test, and semantic verbal fluency task (SVFT).
Main Results:
- The Stroop test revealed significant right-sided PFC hyperactivation in nonamnestic MCI and normal groups compared to the left.
- Nonamnestic MCI showed the highest mean oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) increase on the right during the Stroop test.
- No significant differences in PFC activation were observed between groups during the two-back or SVFT tests.
Conclusions:
- Hemodynamic responses in the PFC vary between MCI subtypes and cognitive tasks.
- The Stroop test results suggest the presence of neural compensatory mechanisms in the PFC of individuals with nonamnestic MCI.
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