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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

630
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
630
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

3.4K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.4K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.4K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.4K
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

191
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
191
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

230
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
230
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

234
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
234

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Continuous High-resolution Microscopic Observation of Replicative Aging in Budding Yeast
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Measuring Aging and Identifying Aging Phenotypes in Cancer Survivors.

Jennifer L Guida, Tim A Ahles, Daniel Belsky

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    Cancer survivors may experience accelerated aging and chronic conditions due to cancer and its treatments. Further research is needed to understand and mitigate these aging-related consequences for improved long-term health.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Gerontology
    • Translational Science

    Background:

    • Cancer survivors often develop chronic conditions like frailty and cognitive impairment earlier than their peers.
    • These morbidities suggest accelerated or accentuated aging trajectories in cancer survivors.
    • Challenges in measurement and methodology hinder the study of aging consequences in cancer survivors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the need for better understanding and mitigation of aging-related consequences of cancer and its treatments.
    • To identify research and resource needs for studying aging phenotypes in cancer survivors.
    • To inform strategies for optimizing healthy aging in cancer survivors.

    Main Methods:

    • A National Cancer Institute think tank convened experts in basic, clinical, and translational science.
    • Deliberations focused on measuring aging and identifying aging phenotypes in cancer survivors.
    • Identified needs include longitudinal studies, mechanistic research, clinical surveillance, and data integration tools.

    Main Results:

    • Several key research and resource needs were identified by experts.
    • Longitudinal studies are crucial for examining aging trajectories before, during, and after cancer treatment.
    • Mechanistic studies are needed to understand the pathways driving aging phenotypes in survivors.

    Conclusions:

    • Addressing identified research needs will enhance the evidence base on cancer survivorship and aging.
    • Improved understanding will inform strategies to promote healthy aging in cancer survivors.
    • Mitigating aging-related consequences is essential for long-term survivor well-being.