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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung
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Adaptive Immunity in Hypertension.

Tomasz P Mikolajczyk1, Tomasz J Guzik2,3

  • 1Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Current Hypertension Reports
|July 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive immunity, involving T and B cells, plays a key role in hypertension. Pro-inflammatory immune responses exacerbate hypertensive damage, but regulatory T cells offer a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityAntibodyB cellCytokineHypertensionT cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Hypertension Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity, is increasingly recognized for its role in blood pressure regulation and hypertension.
  • Both T cells and B cells are implicated in the development and progression of hypertensive pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of adaptive immunity in experimental hypertension models (genetic, salt-sensitive, Angiotensin II-induced) and human studies.
  • To specifically discuss the involvement of T cells and B cells in hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental models of hypertension.
  • Analysis of human studies on hypertension and immune system involvement.
  • Focus on T cell and B cell functions in hypertensive pathology.

Main Results:

  • Pro-inflammatory T cells (CD8+, CD4+Th1, γδ-T, CD4+Th17) infiltrate organs and release cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A), worsening hypertension and causing organ damage.
  • Hypertension involves B cell activation and autoantibody production (e.g., anti-Hsp70, anti-AT1R).
  • Immune responses are sex-specific, with more pronounced effects in males. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) producing IL-10 can inhibit hypertensive responses.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive immunity is a significant contributor to hypertension development and progression.
  • Targeting adaptive immune activation, particularly T and B cell pathways, offers potential therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
  • Immune system modulation, especially via Tregs, may help manage blood pressure and reduce hypertension-related risks.