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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

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The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells
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Mammary stem cells, where art thou?

Pengfei Lu1, Tao Zhou1, Chongshen Xu1

  • 1School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology
|July 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in mammary gland stem cell research, utilizing single cell technology and genetic lineage tracing, offer new insights into adult and embryonic stem cell biology, regeneration, and tissue renewal.

Keywords:
iPSCsinduced pluripotent stem cellslineage tracingmammary glandsingle cell biology

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Mammary gland development
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • The mammary gland serves as a key model for studying adult stem cells.
  • Advances in single cell technology and genetic lineage tracing have accelerated progress.
  • Understanding stem cell behavior is crucial for tissue renewal and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in mammary gland stem cell biology.
  • To discuss progress at both adult and embryonic stages.
  • To identify future research directions and challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on mammary gland stem cell biology.
  • Analysis of studies employing single cell technology.
  • Examination of genetic lineage tracing techniques.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding mammary gland stem cell dynamics.
  • Key insights into adult stem cell behavior and differentiation pathways have emerged.
  • Embryonic mammary gland development models are also advancing.

Conclusions:

  • The mammary gland is a powerful model for stem cell research.
  • Future research should focus on integrating new technologies to address current challenges.
  • Continued investigation holds promise for regenerative medicine applications.