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Work Distributions on Quantum Fields.

Alvaro Ortega1, Emma McKay1,2, Álvaro M Alhambra3

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to calculate work cost in quantum fields, avoiding problematic projective measurements. The findings reveal that work fluctuations increase significantly with localized quantum field operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Quantum Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Projective measurements are ill-defined in quantum field theory, posing challenges for work cost calculations.
  • Existing quantum thermodynamic schemes often rely on projective measurements, limiting their applicability to quantum fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a work cost calculation method for quantum fields that bypasses the need for projective measurements.
  • To generalize the two-point measurement scheme from quantum thermodynamics to quantum field systems.
  • To investigate the validity of fundamental fluctuation theorems in this generalized framework.

Main Methods:

  • Inspired by interferometry, a novel work distribution was proposed, generalizing the two-point measurement scheme.
  • Calculations were performed for local unitary processes on Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (thermal) states of scalar fields.
  • Crooks theorem and Jarzynski equality were verified for localized unitary operations.

Main Results:

  • The proposed work distribution successfully avoids projective measurements in quantum field theory.
  • Crooks theorem and Jarzynski equality hold for a class of spatiotemporally localized unitaries.
  • Work fluctuations dramatically exceed the average work as operations become more localized in space and time.

Conclusions:

  • A robust framework for analyzing work cost in quantum fields without projective measurements has been established.
  • The study confirms the applicability of key quantum thermodynamic theorems to quantum field processes.
  • The degree of localization of unitary operations significantly impacts work fluctuations, offering insights into non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.