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Monocyte Dysfunction, Activation, and Inflammation After Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy in an African Cohort

Rose Nabatanzi¹, Lois Bayigga¹, Stephen Cose²

¹Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

|July 20, 2019

Abstract

Background:

Monocyte dysfunction may persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods:

Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected ART-treated adults with sustained viral suppression and CD4 counts ≥500 cells/µL were consecutively analyzed for monocyte phenotypes and function.

Results:

Nonclassical monocytes (CD14+, CD16++), interleukin (IL)-1β production, and expression of CD40 and CD86 were lower among ART-treated HIV-infected adults relative to age-matched HIV-negative adults (P = .01, P = .01, and P = .02, respectively). Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, IL6, and soluble CD14 were higher among HIV-infected adults relative to HIV-negative adults (P = .0002, P = .04, and P = .0017, respectively).

Conclusions:

Further investigation is required to understand drivers of persistent monocyte activation and dysfunction.

Keywords:

HIV infection immune activation immune responses long-term antiretroviral therapy sub-Saharan Africa

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