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Disease outbreaks, healthcare utilization, and on-time immunization in the first year of life

Jessamyn Schaller1, Lisa Schulkind2, Teny Shapiro3

  • 1University of Arizona, Eller College of Management, Department of Economics, 1130 E Helen Street Suite 401, Tucson, AZ 85721-0108, United States; Claremont McKenna College, Robert Day School of Economics and Finance, 500 East Ninth Street, Claremont, CA 91711, United States.

Journal of Health Economics
|July 20, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Parents increase infant immunization rates during pertussis outbreaks, especially for low-socioeconomic status (SES) families. Local disease risks influence vaccination decisions for pertussis and other diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Infant immunization is crucial for preventing vaccine-preventable diseases.
  • Parental decision-making regarding vaccination is influenced by various factors, including perceived risk.
  • Socioeconomic status (SES) can impact access to and uptake of healthcare services, including immunizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the determinants of parental decisions about infant immunization.
  • To estimate the effect of local pertussis outbreaks on the likelihood of on-time infant immunization.
  • To investigate differential effects across socioeconomic status subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of infant vaccination timing relative to birth.
  • Estimation of the impact of in utero and early-life pertussis outbreaks on immunization rates.
  • Stratified analysis by socioeconomic status (SES).

Main Results:

  • Pertussis outbreaks in a state increase the rate of on-time pertussis vaccination, particularly for low-SES subgroups.
  • Pertussis outbreaks also increase immunization rates for other diseases.
  • Spillover effects in low-SES subgroups are significant and linked to provider contact during the same visit.

Conclusions:

  • Parental response to perceived disease risk drives infant immunization decisions.
  • Local pertussis outbreaks positively influence vaccination uptake for multiple diseases.
  • Healthcare provider contact is a critical factor for infant vaccination decisions in low-SES families.

Keywords:
DiseaseHealth careImmunizationsInfant healthPublic healthVaccinations

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