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Reduced sensory-evoked structural plasticity in the aging barrel cortex.

Rebecca L Voglewede1, Kaeli M Vandemark2, Andrew M Davidson3

  • 1Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Neurobiology of Aging
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Aging impairs the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Synaptic connectivity impairments are linked to cognitive deficits in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Aged animals exhibit higher baseline synaptic turnover rates, but the impact on plasticity response is unknown.
  • The structural basis of age-related synaptic impairments remains unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if elevated baseline synaptic turnover in aged brains alters the response to plasticity.
  • To explore the in vivo spine dynamics following sensory stimulation in young versus aged mice.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy for in vivo imaging.
  • Applied a sensory-evoked plasticity protocol involving whisker stimulation.
  • Quantified spine dynamics, including gain, loss, turnover, clustering, and stability.

Main Results:

  • Aged mice showed reduced spine dynamics (gain, loss, turnover) compared to young mice.
  • Decreased spine clustering and lower spine stability were observed in aged mice.
  • Cortical neurons in aged mice demonstrated a reduced ability to structurally incorporate new sensory experiences.

Conclusions:

  • Aging diminishes the brain's capacity for experience-dependent structural plasticity.
  • Aged somatosensory systems exhibit both reduced synaptic plasticity and reduced synaptic tenacity.
  • This study provides the first evidence linking experience-dependent plasticity with in vivo spine dynamics in the aged brain.