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Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Published on: June 19, 2018
IT'S 2 for the price of 1: Multifaceted ITS2 processing machines in RNA and DNA maintenance
Monica C Pillon1, Yu-Hua Lo1, Robin E Stanley1
1Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Abstract:
Cells utilize sophisticated RNA processing machines to ensure the quality of RNA. Many RNA processing machines have been further implicated in regulating the DNA damage response signifying a strong link between RNA processing and genome maintenance. One of the most intricate and highly regulated RNA processing pathways is the processing of the precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), which is paramount for the production of ribosomes. Removal of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2), located between the 5.8S and 25S rRNA, is one of the most complex steps of ribosome assembly. Processing of the ITS2 is initiated by the newly discovered endoribonuclease Las1, which cleaves at the C2 site within the ITS2, generating products that are further processed by the polynucleotide kinase Grc3, the 5'→3' exonuclease Rat1, and the 3'→5' RNA exosome complex. In addition to their defined roles in ITS2 processing, these critical cellular machines participate in other stages of ribosome assembly, turnover of numerous cellular RNAs, and genome maintenance. Here we summarize recent work defining the molecular mechanisms of ITS2 processing by these essential RNA processing machines and highlight their emerging roles in transcription termination, heterochromatin function, telomere maintenance, and DNA repair.
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