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Neo-Paleyan biology.

Tim Lewens1

  • 1University of Cambridge, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RH, UK.

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Summary
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The Neo-Paleyan tradition views adaptation as design, with natural selection as a designer. Recent theories use principles like Fisher

Keywords:
AdaptationAlan GrafenAndy GardnerDesignFisher's fundamental theoremWilliam Paley

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Philosophy of science

Background:

  • The 'Neo-Paleyan' tradition in British evolutionary theory views adaptation through the lens of design.
  • This perspective often positions natural selection as a surrogate designer, drawing parallels to William Paley's original arguments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the 'Neo-Paleyan' tradition in evolutionary theory.
  • To distinguish between the 'criterion' of evolutionary design and the assumption that natural selection yields optimal designs.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of the historical development of the Neo-Paleyan tradition from Darwin to contemporary thought.
  • Analysis of theoretical principles, including Fisher's Fundamental Theorem, to support a general approach to evolutionary design.
  • Distinguishing conceptual frameworks for evolutionary design criteria.

Main Results:

  • Significant disanalogies exist between historical Paleyan design concepts and modern evolutionary adaptation and selection theories.
  • These disanalogies contribute to the critical reception of the Neo-Paleyan program.
  • Advanced Neo-Paleyanism utilizes theoretical principles to establish a 'criterion' for evolutionary design, distinct from claims of natural selection producing 'good' designs.

Conclusions:

  • While historical disanalogies present challenges, they do not invalidate contemporary Neo-Paleyan approaches to evolutionary design.
  • The 'criterion' of evolutionary design, grounded in theoretical principles, offers a valuable framework for understanding adaptation.
  • A clear distinction must be maintained between the criteria for evolutionary design and the teleological assumption of natural selection producing superior designs.