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Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Published on: November 6, 2017

Neuroinflammation in frontotemporal dementia.

Fiona Bright¹, Eryn L Werry², Carol Dobson-Stone^3,4,5

¹School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Nature Reviews. Neurology

|July 21, 2019

Summary

Neuroinflammation plays a key role in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) progression. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to new diagnostic tools and treatments for FTD, a group of neurodegenerative disorders.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Genetics

Background:

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses progressive neurodegenerative disorders lacking effective treatments.
Sensitive and specific fluid biomarkers for FTD diagnosis are currently unavailable.
Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in FTD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evidence linking neuroinflammatory mechanisms to FTD.
To explore how understanding neuroinflammation can aid in developing FTD diagnostics and treatments.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on FTD, neuroinflammation, and genetics.
Analysis of genetic studies implicating FTD-related genes in neuroinflammation.
Examination of pathological hallmarks of neuroinflammation in FTD.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests neuroinflammation, including microglial activation and astrogliosis, is involved in FTD.
Genetic studies reveal FTD-related genes are also implicated in neuroinflammatory pathways.
An overlap between FTD and autoimmune diseases is noted.

Conclusions:

Neuroinflammation is a significant factor in FTD.
Advances in understanding neuroinflammatory mechanisms offer potential for novel FTD diagnostic tools.
Targeting neuroinflammation may lead to disease-modifying therapies for FTD.