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Related Concept Videos

Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Social Exchange Theory01:26

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As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
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Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
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Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

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Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
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Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

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Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

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Social Cognitive Theories and Electronic Health Design: Scoping Review.

Patricia Grace-Farfaglia1

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Waterbury, CT, United States.

JMIR Human Factors
|July 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review found that while informational aid and tailored content are widely used in electronic health (eHealth) interventions, social support and motivational features are less common. A new model can improve future digital health intervention design.

Keywords:
behavioral economicsdesignhealth promotionserious gamessocial mediasocial supportsocial theory

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Area of Science:

  • Digital health interventions
  • Health behavior change
  • Social cognitive theory

Background:

  • Social cognitive theories (SCTs) inform electronic health (eHealth) platform design.
  • This review examines how social design features promote self-efficacy, engagement, knowledge, and behavior change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review digital health interventions using SCTs for eHealth application design.
  • To identify social design features and their impact on health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic scoping review of 161 Web-based health interventions (2006-2016).
  • Analysis of randomized clinical trials using SCTs for website design.
  • Studies coded for social design features and quality.

Main Results:

  • Informational aid (100%) and tailored content (75.9%) were prevalent.
  • Expressive interaction tools were present in 48.6% of studies.
  • Less than half (43.8%) addressed participant social support and motivational needs.

Conclusions:

  • Links social theory with Web strategy to enhance eHealth intervention impact.
  • A Digital Health Intervention Model was developed for improved design and execution.
  • Highlights the need for greater integration of social support and motivational elements.