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Super-resolution Imaging of Proteus mirabilis Biofilm by Expansion Microscopy

Super-resolution Imaging of Proteus mirabilis Biofilm by Expansion Microscopy

Published on: July 18, 2025

Imaging the kidney: from light to super-resolution microscopy.

Maria Lucia Angelotti^1,2, Giulia Antonelli^1,2, Carolina Conte^1,2

¹Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

|July 21, 2019

Summary

Microscopy advancements have revolutionized kidney research, enabling detailed visualization from tissue architecture to molecular interactions. Recent imaging techniques offer unprecedented insights into kidney physiology and disease mechanisms.

Keywords:

immunohistochemistry kidney biopsy podocytes proximal tubule stem cells

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Biomedical Imaging
Pathology

Background:

Kidney research heavily relies on microscopy for understanding physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms.
Light and electron microscopy were foundational for kidney architecture descriptions and disease classification.
Novel imaging techniques are expanding the dimensions of kidney analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of kidney imaging strategies.
To highlight the impact of recent advancements in microscopy on kidney research.
To discuss the application of advanced imaging in understanding kidney structure and function.

Main Methods:

Review of historical and current microscopy techniques in nephrology.
Discussion of confocal, multiphoton, fluorescence-lifetime imaging, and super-resolution microscopy.
Inclusion of cryo-electron microscopy and imaging mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

Microscopy has been crucial for understanding kidney architecture and disease classification.
Advanced techniques like 3D rendering and real-time imaging enhance structural and functional analysis.
Nanoscale and atomic-level visualization of biomolecules and metabolites is now possible.

Conclusions:

Technological progress in microscopy continues to drive significant achievements in kidney research.
Emerging imaging strategies offer powerful tools for detailed kidney investigation.
These advancements are critical for updating kidney disease classifications and understanding complex mechanisms.