Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

6.9K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
6.9K
Types of Aggregate Grading01:15

Types of Aggregate Grading

1.4K
Aggregate grading is crucial in economically obtaining a concrete mix with adequate strength, reasonable workability, and minimal segregation. There are four types of aggregate gradation: well-graded, uniformly (or one-sized) graded, gap-graded, and open-graded.
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
1.4K
Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves01:19

Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

929
Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
929
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

745
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
745
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

768
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
768
Moment of Inertia of Compound Objects01:07

Moment of Inertia of Compound Objects

7.5K
The moment of inertia is a quantitative measure of the rotational inertia of an object. It is defined as the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the mass of each particle of matter in a given body by the square of its distance from the axis. The total moment of inertia for compound objects can be found by determining and adding the moment of inertia of individual components together.
Consider a child of mass (mc) 25 kg standing at a distance (rc) of 1 m from the axis of a rotating...
7.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Eyes on the Journal: how curiosity shaped a career in clinical research.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2025
Same author

Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses in UK children: Outcomes from a 2-year multi-site interventional trial.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2025
Same author

IMI-Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression 2025.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025
Same author

Letter to the editor: Seeing the evidence for myopia control interventions: Looking through the lens of a Cochrane living systematic review.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2025
Same author

Optical interventions for presbyopia.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2025
Same author

A Comparison of Physical Characteristics in Different Brands and Staining Techniques in a Brand of Lissamine Green Strips.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same journal

Agreement in the classification of keratoconus severity: a comparative study based on anterior corneal surface topographic parameters.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
Same journal

The answer is 23 years - what is the question? Understanding the time lag between ophthalmic research and clinical adoption.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
Same journal

Orthokeratology versus extended depth-of-focus soft contact lenses for myopia control: a 12-month comparative study of axial elongation and corneal changes.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
Same journal

Development of a model for the clinical prediction of contact lens discomfort.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
Same journal

Effect of a head strap on the function of an eyelid warming compress.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
Same journal

Corneal nerve alterations in migraine: a systematic review of in vivo confocal microscopy and esthesiometry findings.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
06:29

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

2.8K

Evaluating a new objective grading software for conjunctival hyperaemia.

Byki Huntjens1, Mandeep Basi1, Manbir Nagra2

  • 1Centre for Applied Vision Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, City, University of London, United Kingdom.

Contact Lens & Anterior Eye : the Journal of the British Contact Lens Association
|July 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new objective grading software (AOS) significantly improves the reliability of assessing conjunctival hyperaemia compared to subjective scales. This advancement offers more consistent clinical monitoring and record-keeping for ocular conditions.

Keywords:
AgreementBulbarConjunctivaHyperaemiaImagingObjective gradingPalpebralSubjective grading

More Related Videos

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
07:52

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

Published on: May 1, 2021

4.9K
Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects
15:25

Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects

Published on: March 16, 2010

27.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
06:29

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

2.8K
Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
07:52

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

Published on: May 1, 2021

4.9K
Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects
15:25

Tomato Analyzer: A Useful Software Application to Collect Accurate and Detailed Morphological and Colorimetric Data from Two-dimensional Objects

Published on: March 16, 2010

27.3K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Clinical Assessment

Background:

  • Standardized grading scales are crucial in ophthalmology for consistent documentation of ocular condition severity.
  • Current subjective scales like CCLRU and Efron aim for inter-clinician consistency but may have limitations.
  • Objective grading methods are being explored to enhance reliability in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intra- and inter-observer reliability of subjective (CCLRU, Efron) and objective (AOS software) grading scales for conjunctival hyperaemia.
  • To compare the agreement between these grading methods, including assessments by both experienced and novice observers.
  • To determine if the objective AOS software offers improved consistency over established subjective scales.

Main Methods:

  • Experienced observer graded 30 bulbar and 26 palpebral conjunctival hyperaemia images using subjective (CCLRU, Efron) and objective (AOS) methods.
  • Grading was performed to 0.1 increments, with masked and randomized image sets.
  • Inter- and intra-observer agreement was assessed across two separate grading sessions and compared with a novice observer's results.

Main Results:

  • The AOS software demonstrated superior repeatability for both bulbar and palpebral conjunctival hyperaemia (R²=0.998, CoR 0.10-0.13).
  • Subjective scales showed lower repeatability (Efron: R²=0.926, CoR 0.62; CCLRU: R²=0.885-0.911, CoR 0.50-0.78).
  • Objective grading (AOS) achieved significantly higher inter-observer agreement (ICC >0.995) compared to subjective methods (0.853-0.959).

Conclusions:

  • Subjective and objective grading methods for conjunctival hyperaemia are not interchangeable.
  • The objective AOS grading method provides superior repeatability and agreement between observers.
  • AOS software offers a more consistent approach for grading ocular abnormalities, potentially enhancing future clinical monitoring and record-keeping reliability.