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Sticky, active microrheology: Part 1. Linear-response.

Derek E Huang1, Roseanna N Zia2

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Attractive forces in biological fluids can surprisingly reduce viscosity, allowing particles to move faster. Stronger attractions can dramatically increase viscosity or enable particles to move undetected, like cloaking.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and interface science
  • Biophysics
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Colloidal forces influence biological fluid dynamics, affecting viscosity and diffusion.
  • Existing microrheology models handle repulsive forces but lack theories for attractive interactions.
  • Understanding attractive forces is crucial for modeling macromolecular behavior in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for attractive colloidal forces in complex fluids.
  • To investigate the impact of attractive forces on probe particle motion and effective viscosity.
  • To explore the phenomenon of 'cloaking' where particles move unhindered.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a linear-response theory for attractive colloidal interactions.
  • Utilized passive and active microrheology principles.
  • Analyzed probe particle dynamics under external driving forces and thermal fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Weak attractions surprisingly decrease effective viscosity by pulling the probe forward.
  • Stronger attractions lead to doublet formation and increased viscosity.
  • A critical attraction strength allows particles to 'cloak,' moving unhindered relative to repulsive systems.

Conclusions:

  • Attractive forces can lead to counterintuitive rheological behaviors, including apparent "hypoviscosity."
  • Particle 'cloaking' offers a novel mechanism for unimpeded motion in biological fluids.
  • Macromolecules may tune surface chemistry to control local viscosity and movement.