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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Responses to Salt Stress02:02

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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Oxidation Numbers03:14

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Plant Hormones01:56

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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Plant Cell Wall02:43

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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
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Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production
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Development and Characterization of In Vitro Microvessel Network and Quantitative Measurements of Endothelial [Ca2+]i and Nitric Oxide Production

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Nitric oxide molecular targets: reprogramming plant development upon stress.

Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente1, María Guadalupe Fernández-Espinosa1, Oscar Lorenzo1

  • 1Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|July 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator in plants, balancing growth and stress responses. This review details NO

Keywords:
S-nitrosationAbioticbioticdevelopmental cuesnitrationnitric oxidepost-translational modificationsreactive nitrogen species

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Plants must integrate environmental signals for development and defense, but stress often hinders growth.
  • The molecular basis of the trade-off between plant development and defense remains largely unknown.
  • Plants utilize regulators like phytohormones, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to manage diverse processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular targets of nitric oxide (NO) that mediate the balance between plant development and stress.
  • To highlight the role of NO in post-translational protein modifications, including S-nitrosation and tyrosine nitration.
  • To emphasize NO's interaction with abscisic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways during stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on nitric oxide (NO) in plant development and stress.
  • Analysis of NO's molecular mechanisms, focusing on post-translational modifications.
  • Examination of NO's interplay with key phytohormone signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a gasotransmitter regulating redox homeostasis and developmental checkpoints.
  • NO modulates protein function through S-nitrosation and tyrosine nitration, influencing the development-stress switch.
  • NO signaling is intricately linked with abscisic acid and salicylic acid pathways in response to abiotic and biotic stresses.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator that balances plant growth and stress responses through diverse molecular mechanisms.
  • Understanding NO's targets provides insight into the complex interplay between plant development and defense strategies.
  • Further research into NO's role, particularly with phytohormones, is crucial for improving plant resilience.