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New/emerging psychoactive substances and associated psychopathological consequences.

F Schifano1, F Napoletano2, S Chiappini1

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Psychological Medicine
|July 23, 2019
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Summary

The study identified thousands of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their severe mental health effects using specialized software. Health professionals need updated information on these emerging drugs and their risks.

Keywords:
Drug-induced psychosisNPSdrug misusenew psychoactive substancesprescribing drug misusepsychedelics

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • An increasing number of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) pose significant psychopathological risks.
  • Understanding the effects of these emerging substances is crucial for public health.
  • Specialized online sources are key for identifying NPS and their consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel psychoactive substances (NPS) and their associated psychopathological consequences.
  • To identify NPS discussed in online forums and their health effects.
  • To provide an updated overview for healthcare professionals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized innovative crawling software, 'NPS.Finder®', for online NPS identification.
  • Collected data on chemical names, street names, formulas, and reported effects.
  • Focused on substances linked to psychopathological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary identification of several thousand NPS, significantly exceeding official estimates.
  • Synthetic cannabinoids, novel opioids, dissociatives, stimulants, and psychedelics were commonly associated with psychopathology.
  • Prescription and over-the-counter medications were also identified as NPS.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid emergence of NPS presents a challenge due to poorly understood pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
  • Healthcare professionals require comprehensive information on NPS, including usage patterns and risks.
  • Informed awareness of NPS is vital for managing medical and psychiatric risks.