Peripheral Arterial Disease in Women: The Gender Effect

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Vascular Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a widespread atherosclerotic condition impacting over 8.5 million Americans aged 40 and above.
• PAD is linked to substantial functional decline, and increased morbidity and mortality from both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular sources.
• PAD prevalence is rising in women, challenging earlier perceptions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present an updated review of gender-specific differences in Peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
• To aid in the early detection and effective management of PAD in women.
• To enhance cardiovascular outcomes through targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on recent studies concerning gender disparities in PAD.
• Analysis of clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes in men versus women with PAD.
• Synthesis of current guidelines for PAD management.

Main Results:

• Women with PAD are increasingly diagnosed, often exhibiting asymptomatic or atypical symptoms compared to men.
• Female patients with PAD experience greater quality of life impairment and a higher risk of depression.
• Women diagnosed with PAD face elevated cardiovascular mortality rates.

Conclusions:

• Timely diagnosis of PAD in women is crucial, requiring awareness of gender-specific symptom presentation.
• Management strategies should incorporate intensive cardiovascular risk factor modification tailored to women.
• Adherence to guideline-directed therapy and exercise programs can improve cardiovascular outcomes for women with PAD.