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Guiding self-organized pattern formation in cell polarity establishment.

Peter Gross1,2,3, K Vijay Kumar4,3, Nathan W Goehring5,6

  • 1BIOTEC, TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.

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Biological pattern formation uses feedback and guiding cues. In C. elegans embryos, feedback ensures cell polarization even without cues, demonstrating a robust self-organization mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and developmental biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Spontaneous pattern formation in biological systems often relies on feedback mechanisms.
  • However, many biological patterns are guided by upstream molecular cues rather than forming spontaneously.
  • The interplay between guiding cues and feedback in controlled pattern formation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between guiding cues and feedback in controlled biological pattern formation.
  • To explore this relationship during cell polarity establishment in the one-cell-stage C. elegans embryo.
  • To understand how feedback systems are modulated by centrosome-derived guiding cues.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified feedback strength between polarity proteins and the actomyosin cortex.
  • Assessed mutual antagonism among polarity proteins.
  • Coupled a Turing-like reaction-diffusion system with an active gel model of the actomyosin cortex.

Main Results:

  • Identified a transition point where feedback ensures self-organized polarization, even after cue removal.
  • Demonstrated a shift from cue-dominated to feedback-dominated regimes beyond this transition point, ensuring robustness.
  • Revealed that feedback remains subcritical to prevent instability, while cues drive the system past the pattern formation transition point.

Conclusions:

  • Biological pattern formation can be controlled by a combination of guiding cues and feedback mechanisms.
  • A critical transition point exists, beyond which feedback drives robust self-organization.
  • Molecular guiding cues are essential for initiating pattern formation by pushing the system past this critical threshold.