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Pediatric Sarcopenia: A Paradigm in the Overall Definition of Malnutrition in Children?

Poh Hwa Ooi1, Sandra Thompson-Hodgetts2, Lesley Pritchard-Wiart3

  • 1Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|July 23, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Childhood sarcopenia, characterized by low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function, is under-researched. Current assessment methods lack standardization, hindering early identification and intervention for pediatric malnutrition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Chronic Disease Complications

Background:

  • Malnutrition is frequent in pediatric chronic diseases.
  • Sarcopenia, marked by reduced skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function, is a key malnutrition component linked to adverse pediatric outcomes.
  • Childhood sarcopenia lacks comprehensive review despite growing research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on childhood sarcopenia, including cases with and without obesity.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in assessing pediatric sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 12 articles from PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted.

Main Results:

  • Limited pediatric sarcopenia research exists.
  • Assessment challenges include varied definitions, non-standardized body composition methods, and lack of normative SMM data for children.
  • Studies lack muscle function assessment, leading to potential misclassification; research is further limited by low quality, few outcome-based studies, and scarce longitudinal data.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized diagnostic criteria, body composition measurements, and age-appropriate muscle function tests are needed for pediatric sarcopenia.
  • Consideration of growth, neurocognitive status, and developmental factors is crucial.
  • Early sarcopenia detection is vital for timely intervention and prevention in pediatric populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
body compositioninfantslife cyclepediatricsresearch and diseasessarcopenia

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