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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Trials
  • Health Services Research
  • Incentive Studies

Background:

  • High questionnaire response rates are crucial for representative study results and statistical power.
  • Improving response speed and quality can significantly reduce research costs.
  • Monetary incentives are a common strategy to enhance participant engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of unconditional versus conditional monetary incentives on questionnaire response rates.
  • To evaluate the impact of incentive type on data completeness and the need for reminders.
  • To assess the long-term effects of monetary incentives on participant response in a clinical trial.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized study within a trial (SWAT) was conducted.
  • Participants received either an unconditional £5 gift voucher or a conditional voucher upon return.
  • Response rates, data completeness, and reminder needs were tracked over 12 months.

Main Results:

  • Unconditional incentives showed a higher response rate for the first questionnaire (94.2% vs 91.7%).
  • Significantly greater odds of returning repeat questionnaires were observed in the unconditional group at 6 months.
  • Incomplete questionnaires were more frequent at 3 months in the unconditional group.

Conclusions:

  • Unconditional monetary incentives can offer a short-term increase in mailed questionnaire response rates.
  • The observed benefits may be transient, and the findings could be due to chance.
  • While potentially cost-saving, unconditional incentives may compromise data completeness, necessitating a balance between response and data quality.