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Epigenetic changes and assisted reproductive technologies.

Sneha Mani1, Jayashri Ghosh2, Christos Coutifaris1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Epigenetics
|July 23, 2019
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Summary

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) may impact child health epigenetically. Research reviews how ART procedures might alter the epigenome, potentially explaining health risks in ART-conceived children.

Keywords:
ARTIVFepigenomemethylationprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Children conceived via Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) face increased risks for adverse outcomes like low birth weight.
  • The origins of these risks, whether from ART procedures or underlying infertility factors, remain debated.
  • Epigenetic modifications in gametes and embryos are a key area of investigation for ART-related health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human studies comparing the epigenomes of ART-conceived children with those conceived naturally.
  • To assess the potential of specific ART clinical and laboratory procedures to induce epigenetic alterations.
  • To explore the mechanisms linking ART procedures, epigenome reorganization, and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of human studies.
  • Comparative epigenome analysis (ART vs. in vivo conceived children).
  • Assessment of ART procedures' impact on gamete and embryo epigenomes.

Main Results:

  • ART procedures are implemented during critical windows of epigenome reorganization.
  • Evidence suggests ART procedures can potentially alter the epigenome.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic changes in gametes and embryos are a plausible mechanism linking ART to adverse child health outcomes.
  • ART procedures may influence the epigenome during sensitive developmental periods.
  • Understanding these epigenetic effects is crucial for improving ART safety and outcomes.