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Related Concept Videos

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Computerized Cognitive Training in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Amit Lampit1,2,3,4, Josephine Heine2, Carsten Finke2,3

  • 11 University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
|July 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) moderately improves cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits and effects on daily functioning.

Keywords:
cognitive remediationmeta-analysismultiple sclerosistransfer of training

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairments are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Systematic reviews suggest cognitive interventions may benefit MS patients.
  • The efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) in MS requires specific investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CCT's effects in adults with MS.
  • To evaluate CCT's impact on cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes.
  • To specify the effects of CCT on various cognitive domains in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Searched major databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL) up to March 2019.
  • Included 20 RCTs with 982 participants (78% relapsing-remitting MS).
  • Calculated standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) for cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Overall moderate effect size for cognition (g = 0.30), with no heterogeneity.
  • Small to moderate effects found in attention, processing speed, executive functions, and memory domains.
  • Inconclusive evidence for working memory, fatigue, psychosocial, and daily functioning; effects diminished without continued training.

Conclusions:

  • CCT demonstrates efficacy for overall cognition and key domains in adults with MS.
  • Efficacy on other outcomes and in progressive MS subtypes remains unclear.
  • Further long-term, well-powered trials are needed to optimize CCT, assess transfer to daily living, and evaluate cost-effectiveness.