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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

2.3K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
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Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

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Extraction of Aqueous Metabolites from Cultured Adherent Cells for Metabolomic Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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The vitamin D metabolome: An update on analysis and function.

Carl Jenkinson1

  • 1Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Cell Biochemistry and Function
|July 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review explores vitamin D metabolism beyond the main circulating form, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3). It highlights emerging pathways and analytical methods for a comprehensive understanding of vitamin D

Keywords:
analysisconjugationhydroxylationmetabolic pathwaysmetabolismvitamin D

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Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Current vitamin D research primarily focuses on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and its active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)₂D3).
  • Established understanding relies on the endocrine pathway involving 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1).
  • Emerging evidence points to the critical importance of other metabolic and catabolic pathways in vitamin D function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of diverse vitamin D metabolic pathways.
  • To describe current analytical techniques for measuring various vitamin D metabolites.
  • To emphasize the significance of non-classical vitamin D metabolic routes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on vitamin D metabolism.
  • Discussion of established and novel metabolic pathways including C3-epimerization, CYP24A1 hydroxylase, CYP11A1, and phase II metabolism.
  • Overview of analytical technologies for metabolite quantification.

Main Results:

  • Identified key alternative vitamin D metabolic pathways beyond the primary endocrine axis.
  • Highlighted that alternative metabolites are often present at low levels and may act in specific tissues.
  • Noted advancements in analytical techniques enabling more routine measurement of these metabolites.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D physiology involves complex metabolic and catabolic pathways beyond the main circulating form.
  • These alternative pathways, though often present at low levels, are crucial for vitamin D function.
  • Improved analytical methods will facilitate a deeper understanding and routine measurement of these pathways.