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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

39.8K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
36.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.0K
Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
4.4K
Resistance01:19

Resistance

5.7K
When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

15.1K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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A 1.5 Hour Procedure for Identification of Enterococcus Species Directly from Blood Cultures
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A 1.5 Hour Procedure for Identification of Enterococcus Species Directly from Blood Cultures

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Genomics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Claire Gorrie1, Charlie Higgs1, Glen Carter2,3

  • 1Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.

Microbial Genomics
|July 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) poses a global health threat with limited treatment options. Genomics offers new insights into VREfm evolution, resistance, and transmission, aiding infection control.

Keywords:
Enterococcus faeciumantibiotic resistancewhole-genome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is a critical global health concern.
  • Limited treatment options and poor outcomes characterize invasive VREfm infections.
  • VREfm is recognized as a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in applying genomics to understand VREfm.
  • To highlight the role of genomics in combating VREfm evolution and drug resistance.
  • To discuss the utility of genomics in tracking VREfm transmission and informing infection control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on VREfm genomics.
  • Analysis of data on whole-genome sequencing applications in VREfm research.
  • Synthesis of findings related to VREfm evolution, resistance, and hospital adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Whole-genome sequencing provides crucial insights into VREfm.
  • Genomics aids in understanding VREfm evolution, drug resistance, and hospital adaptation.
  • Genomic surveillance effectively tracks VREfm transmission and detects outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic approaches are vital for understanding and controlling the global VREfm threat.
  • Genomics enhances infection control practices by enabling rapid detection of VREfm transmission.
  • Continued application of genomics is essential for developing new strategies against VREfm.