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Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Ion Exchange01:17

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
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Ions - When an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom becomes positively or negatively charged. This frequently happens for most atoms to have a full valence shell. This can happen either by gaining electrons to fill a shell that is more than half-full or by giving away electrons to empty a shell that is less than half-full, thereby leaving the next smaller electron shell as the new, full valence shell. An atom with...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
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Interactions between Organic Model Compounds and Ion Exchange Resins.

Pascal Finkbeiner1, Graeme Moore2, Tebogo Tseka3

  • 1Cranfield Water Science Institute , Cranfield University , Building 52a, Cranfield , Bedford MK43 0AL , United Kingdom.

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|July 23, 2019
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Summary

Ion exchange effectively removes natural organic matter (NOM) from water. Charge density is key for removal, with higher density leading to better results, while size and hydrophobicity also play roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Chemistry

Background:

  • Natural organic matter (NOM) removal from surface water using ion exchange (IEX) is effective but poorly understood.
  • NOM complexity and variability, along with factors like resin properties and competing anions, complicate removal mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of NOM removal by IEX resins.
  • To determine the influence of NOM physicochemical properties on IEX removal efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fifteen model organic compounds with varying hydrophobicity, size, and charge.
  • Tested removal efficiency using three distinct IEX resins (polystyrene, polyacrylic; macroporous, gellular).

Main Results:

  • Charge density (CD) >5 mequiv mgDOC⁻¹ was the primary factor for high NOM removal (≥89%).
  • Size exclusion limited the removal of high molecular weight compounds (≥8 kDa).
  • Resin and model compound hydrophobicity significantly impacted neutral molecule removal.

Conclusions:

  • Charge density is the most critical parameter for effective NOM removal via IEX.
  • Understanding interactions between NOM properties and IEX resins aids in optimizing water treatment processes.