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Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Regression-Based Normative Data and Clinical Utility.

Robert P Fellows1, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Washington State University, WA, USA.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
|July 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New regression-based norms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) improve detection of cognitive impairment. These updated norms more accurately identify individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
AssessmentDementiaMemoryMild cognitive impairmentNormsNorms calculatorProcessing speedSymbol substitution testTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a widely used measure of cognitive function.
  • Existing normative data for the SDMT may not fully account for demographic variations, potentially impacting diagnostic accuracy.
  • There is a need for updated, regression-based normative data to enhance the sensitivity of the SDMT in detecting cerebral dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop regression-based normative data for the written, oral, and incidental recall trials of the SDMT.
  • To provide demographically-corrected standardized scores for improved interpretation of SDMT performance.
  • To evaluate the clinical utility of the new norms in identifying cognitive impairment in various clinical populations.

Main Methods:

  • Regression-based normative equations were derived from a sample of 536 healthy adults aged 18-91.
  • Incidental recall norms were developed using a subset of participants aged 60-91.
  • The utility of the new norms was assessed by comparing performance and impairment rates in groups with traumatic brain injury (TBI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia.

Main Results:

  • Age, education, and sex significantly predicted written SDMT performance; age and education predicted oral performance; age predicted incidental recall.
  • The TBI group showed the highest impairment rates on written and oral trials.
  • Dementia and amnestic MCI groups exhibited the highest impairment rates on incidental recall.
  • Regression-based norms identified more clinical participants as impaired compared to traditional norms.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive regression-based normative equations for the SDMT have been developed.
  • These new norms demonstrate clinical utility in improving the detection of cerebral dysfunction.
  • An accompanying calculator facilitates the conversion of raw scores to demographically-corrected standardized scores, aiding clinical practice.