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Asymmetric rectified electric fields between parallel electrodes: Numerical and scaling analyses.

S M H Hashemi Amrei1, Gregory H Miller1, William D Ristenpart1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.

Physical Review. E
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asymmetric rectified electric fields (AREFs) in liquids arise from ions with differing mobilities under oscillating potentials. Their magnitude and location depend on potential, frequency, and ion properties, aiding interpretation of steady fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Asymmetric rectified electric fields (AREFs) are steady electric fields generated in liquids by oscillating potentials when ions exhibit different mobilities.
  • Previous work established the existence of AREFs, but their detailed behavior requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the nature of one-dimensional AREFs between parallel electrodes using scaling analyses and numerical calculations.
  • To understand the dependence of AREF characteristics on applied potential, frequency, and ionic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scaling analyses to investigate AREF behavior.
  • Performed numerical calculations to model one-dimensional AREFs between parallel electrodes.
  • Analyzed the impact of ionic mobilities, valencies, and concentrations on AREF magnitude and spatial structure.

Main Results:

  • AREF magnitude shows a complex dependence on applied potential: quadratic at low potentials, nonlinear at intermediate, and slower-than-quadratic at high potentials.
  • The AREF peak location scales linearly with a frequency-dependent diffusive length, influencing magnitude and directionality.
  • AREF characteristics are sensitive to ionic properties, with peak magnitude observed around an ionic mobility ratio of 5.

Conclusions:

  • Developed approximate scaling expressions to interpret the steady component of oscillatory fields in liquid systems.
  • Demonstrated that AREF behavior is tunable through control of ionic properties and applied field parameters.
  • Highlighted the importance of ion dynamics in generating and controlling electric fields in electrolytes.