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Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review.

Giacomo Caio1,2, Umberto Volta3, Anna Sapone4,5

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124, Ferrara, Italy. caigmp@unife.it.

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|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder influenced by genetics and environment. Current management involves a strict gluten-free diet, with ongoing research into new therapies for challenging phenotypes.

Keywords:
Alternative treatmentClinical phenotypesEpidemiologyGeneticsGluten-free dietHistopathological findingsPathogenesisSerological markers

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder with increasing prevalence.
  • Its pathophysiology involves a genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) and environmental triggers.
  • Tissue transglutaminase is the identified autoantigen, confirming its autoimmune nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of celiac disease.
  • To discuss current understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight remaining challenges and future therapeutic directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on celiac disease.
  • Appraisal of diagnostic methods, including serological tests and biopsy.
  • Analysis of current treatment strategies and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Celiac disease affects approximately 1% of the population, with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Diagnosis relies on serological tests and small intestinal biopsy.
  • A strict gluten-free diet is the only current treatment, improving quality of life and preventing complications.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand unclear phenotypes like seronegative celiac disease.
  • Development of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet is a key future direction.
  • Addressing the burden of dietary restrictions remains a significant challenge for patients.