Recurrent Middle Ear Barotrauma in Student Pilots

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Aerospace Medicine
• Diagnostic Testing

Background:

• Middle ear barotrauma (MEB) is a common concern for pilots.
• Predicting MEB recurrence is crucial for aviation safety.
• Eustachian tube dysfunction is a key factor in MEB.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of the nine-step inflation-deflation tympanometric test.
• To determine the test's ability to predict MEB recurrence in student pilots.
• To correlate test results with MEB severity and duration.

Main Methods:

• Student pilots with MEB were enrolled (October 2010-April 2011).
• Teed's classification was used for barotrauma grading.
• Nine-step inflation-deflation testing and tympanometry were performed at baseline and follow-up.
• Recurrence was monitored for 2 weeks after flight resumption.

Main Results:

• 35 cases were analyzed, with most classified as Grade 0 or I MEB.
• Initially, 85.3% failed the nine-step test; 22.9% failed on follow-up.
• 20.0% of pilots experienced recurrent MEB; all recurrent cases failed the follow-up nine-step test.
• The nine-step test demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for predicting recurrence.

Conclusions:

• The nine-step inflation-deflation test provides valuable insights into Eustachian tube function.
• This test is a useful tool for mitigating the risk of recurrent MEB in pilots.
• Implementing this test can enhance pilot safety and reduce flight-related ear injuries.