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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

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Published on: May 19, 2014

Anomalous spin-orbit torques in magnetic single-layer films.

Wenrui Wang¹, Tao Wang², Vivek P Amin^3,4

¹Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology

|July 24, 2019

Summary

Researchers discovered the anomalous spin-orbit torque (ASOT), a new effect where electric current parallel to magnetization generates spin-orbit torques. This finding is crucial for understanding spin-orbit interactions in magnetic materials.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Spintronics

Background:

The spin Hall effect couples charge and spin transport, enabling electrical control of magnetization.
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) demonstrates charge accumulation due to perpendicular current and magnetization.
Spin-orbit torques are fundamental for spintronic device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the observation of a novel phenomenon, the anomalous spin-orbit torque (ASOT).
To investigate the generation of spin-orbit torques by electric current parallel to magnetization.
To explore the potential of ASOT in ferromagnetic materials for spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

Experimental observation of ASOT in Ni₈₀Fe₂₀ and other ferromagnetic metals (Co, Ni, Fe).
Measurement of spin-Hall-like current generation efficiency.
First-principles calculations to corroborate experimental findings.

Main Results:

Observation of ASOT, where parallel current to magnetization generates opposite spin-orbit torques.
Measured spin-Hall-like current efficiency of 0.053 ± 0.003 in Ni₈₀Fe₂₀, comparable to known spin Hall angles.
Similar ASOT effects observed in Co, Ni, and Fe, supported by theoretical calculations.

Conclusions:

A strong spin current with transverse spin polarization can be generated within ferromagnets, even with spin dephasing.
The discovered ASOT is a significant counterpart to the AHE.
The large magnitude of ASOT must be considered in studies of spin-orbit torques in magnetic bilayers.