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Related Experiment Video

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Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
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Probing early wheat grain development via transcriptomic and proteomic approaches.

Mingming Yang1,2, Yang Liu1, Jian Dong1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.

Functional & Integrative Genomics
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals key molecular changes during early wheat grain development by profiling gene and protein expression in two cultivars. It identifies crucial metabolic pathways and genomic regions influencing grain size, aiding future breeding for higher yields.

Keywords:
Grain developmentProteomeTranscriptomeTriticum aestivum

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain development is crucial for improving crop yield and quality.
  • Early grain development involves complex molecular processes that are not fully understood.
  • Variations in grain size between cultivars like 'Chinese Spring' (CS) and 'P271' offer insights into developmental regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular events during early grain development in common wheat.
  • To compare the transcriptome and proteome of two wheat cultivars with contrasting grain sizes (CS - small, P271 - large).
  • To identify genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways associated with grain development and size.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome and proteome profiling of wheat grains at early developmental stages.
  • Analysis of gene and protein expression data using bioinformatics tools.
  • In silico localization of differentially expressed genes and proteins to wheat chromosomes.

Main Results:

  • Over 85,000 genes and 7500 proteins were identified during early grain development.
  • Enrichment of genes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and vitamin metabolism was observed as grain development progressed.
  • Inconsistencies between transcription and translation suggested post-transcriptional regulation.
  • Differential gene/protein expression showed a biased distribution on chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 5B, correlating with grain yield traits.

Conclusions:

  • Early wheat grain development is characterized by significant molecular changes, particularly in key metabolic pathways.
  • Post-transcriptional regulation plays a role in determining gene and protein expression during grain maturation.
  • Chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 5B harbor important genetic factors influencing grain size and yield.
  • This research provides valuable molecular insights for wheat breeding programs aimed at enhancing grain yield.