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Related Concept Videos

Escape Velocity01:26

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The escape velocity of an object is defined as the minimum initial velocity that it requires to escape the surface of another object to which it is gravitationally bound and never to return. For example, what would be the minimum velocity at which a satellite should be launched from the Earth's surface such that it just escapes the Earth's gravitational field?
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
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Multi-Specific CAR Targeting to Prevent Antigen Escape.

Zachary Walsh1, Savannah Ross1, Terry J Fry2

  • 1Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Box B115, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.

Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy shows promise for B cell cancers. Multi-specific CARs, targeting multiple antigens, offer a strategy to prevent relapse due to antigen escape and improve remission durability.

Keywords:
Antigen escapeAntigen lossBivalentCAR T cellLineage switchMulti-specific

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Oncology
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is effective for B cell malignancies.
  • Antigen escape, or loss of the targeted antigen, is a primary cause of relapse after CAR T cell therapy.
  • This relapse pattern presents a significant challenge to achieving durable remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of antigen escape in CAR T cell therapy.
  • To discuss strategies for preventing antigen escape-related relapses.
  • To highlight the potential of multi-specific CARs in overcoming this challenge.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of preclinical and early clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of antigen escape mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of multi-specific CAR strategies.

Main Results:

  • Multi-specific CAR therapy demonstrates safety and efficacy in preclinical and early clinical settings for B cell malignancies.
  • Ongoing research focuses on optimizing target antigen combinations and CAR formats.
  • Multi-specific CARs show promise in preventing antigen loss-related relapses.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-specific CAR therapy is a promising strategy to improve durable remission rates in refractory B cell malignancies.
  • This approach may mitigate relapses caused by antigen escape.
  • The potential applicability extends to other cancer types.