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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
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Modulating Shape of Polyester Based Polymersomes using Osmotic Pressure
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Hydrogenation of Polyesters to Polyether Polyols.

Bernhard M Stadler1, Sandra Hinze1, Sergey Tin1

  • 1Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18055, Rostock, Germany.

Chemsuschem
|July 24, 2019
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Summary

This study converts plastic waste into valuable polyether polyols using ruthenium catalysts. This innovative approach offers a sustainable solution for plastic recycling and material production.

Keywords:
hydrogenationpolymersrutheniumsustainable chemistrywaste prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Increasing plastic waste necessitates novel recycling and valorization strategies.
  • Conventional recycling methods have limitations in addressing the plastic waste crisis.
  • Utilizing plastic waste as a resource for novel materials is an emerging solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for converting polyester waste into polyether polyols.
  • To investigate the use of in situ-generated ruthenium-triphos catalysts for this transformation.
  • To explore the applicability of this tandem hydrogenation-etherification approach for various polyester substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrogenation of polyesters using in situ-generated Ru-Triphos catalysts.
  • Employing Lewis acids to control reaction selectivity.
  • Monitoring molecular weight changes to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
  • Testing a range of polyester substrates to assess the method's versatility.

Main Results:

  • Polyesters were successfully converted into polyether polyols.
  • Reaction selectivity was effectively controlled by the choice and concentration of Lewis acids.
  • A sequential mechanism involving hydrogenation followed by etherification was confirmed.
  • Oligoether products with suitable chain lengths for adhesives and coatings were obtained.

Conclusions:

  • The tandem hydrogenation-etherification strategy provides a viable route to polyether polyols from polyester waste.
  • This method offers access to polyether polyols that are challenging to synthesize from fossil fuels.
  • The approach demonstrates significant potential for sustainable plastic waste valorization.