Stem Cells in Keloid Lesions: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Stem Cell Biology
• Fibroproliferative Disorders

Background:

• Keloid disorder (KD) is a skin condition resulting from abnormal wound healing.
• The exact causes of KD are unknown, and current treatments are insufficient.
• Emerging research highlights the significant role of stem cells in KD development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the involvement of embryonic stem (ESC)-like cells and mesenchymal stem cells in keloid pathogenesis.
• To explore the potential mechanisms linking stem cell dysfunction to aberrant fibroblast formation in keloids.
• To discuss the influence of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), immune responses, and inflammation on stem cell behavior in KD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on stem cell roles in keloid disorder.
• Analysis of proposed mechanisms, including endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
• Examination of the interplay between stem cells and regulatory pathways like the RAS.

Main Results:

• Dysfunctional ESC-like cells in keloid microvasculature may initiate aberrant cell differentiation via mesenchymal stem cells.
• The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), immune factors, and inflammation impact stem cell proliferation and differentiation in keloids.
• ESC-like cells express RAS components and cathepsins, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

• Understanding stem cell roles and regulatory pathways in KD is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
• Modulating the RAS in ESC-like cells presents a potential therapeutic strategy for keloid disorder using existing medications.