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Related Concept Videos

What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

126.0K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Modified Boxplots00:57

Modified Boxplots

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A standard box and whisker plot informs us about the spread of the data in a given sample. One can identify the minimum value, maximum value, first quartile value, second quartile or median value, and third quartile.
However, the box plot does not tell the reader about outliers - values that lie far from the center of the data. We can modify the standard box and whisker plot to identify the outliers and visualize the actual spread of the data in a sample.
Initially, we calculate the adjusted...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Breast Implant Selection: Consensus Recommendations Using a Modified Delphi Method.

Mark R Magnusson1,2, Tony Connell3, Michael Miroshnik4

  • 1Toowoomba Plastic Surgery, Toowoomba, Australia.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expert plastic surgeons in Australia and New Zealand recommend individualizing breast implant selection. Key factors include surgical technique, patient anatomy, implant characteristics, and migration risk for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Geographical variations exist in breast implant selection strategies.
  • Limited clinical data complicates informed breast implant choice.
  • Understanding implant-related risks is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish expert consensus on breast implant selection criteria in Australia and New Zealand.
  • Identify key considerations for plastic surgeons in the region.
  • Provide evidence-based guidance for breast augmentation procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Modified Delphi method employed for expert consensus.
  • Anonymously completed questionnaires and live meeting discussions.
  • Final consensus survey based on expert recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Consensus reached on critical factors in breast implant selection.
  • Emphasis on surgical technique (pocket formation, implant positioning).
  • Consideration of patient anatomy, implant surface texture, size, cohesivity, and migration risk.

Conclusions:

  • Expert consensus achieved on individualized breast implant selection.
  • Patient tissue and anatomical characteristics are paramount.
  • Tailoring implant choice to individual patient factors is essential for successful outcomes.