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Leprosy-A raging persistent enigma.

Abhiruchi Galhotra1, Sunil Kumar Panigrahi1, Anjali Pal1

  • 1Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

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|July 24, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global leprosy elimination targets mask stagnating case detection. This review examines challenges in India, a major contributor to the disease, and proposes solutions for continued progress against Hansen's disease.

Keywords:
ANCDR (Annual New Case Detection Rate)MDT (Multi Drug Therapy)Re-emergencecommunicable diseasegrade 2 disability (G2 D)leprosy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Leprosy (Hansen's disease) elimination targets have been met globally, yet new case detection has plateaued over the past decade.
  • Southeast Asia exhibits the highest prevalence of leprosy worldwide.
  • India significantly contributes to the global leprosy caseload.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify programmatic challenges hindering further reduction of leprosy cases in India post-elimination.
  • To analyze factors contributing to the stagnation of new case detection.
  • To propose a forward strategy for leprosy control in India.

Main Methods:

  • Review of programmatic data and literature concerning leprosy control in India.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to persistent leprosy transmission.
  • Identification of 'programmatic laggards' in leprosy elimination efforts.

Main Results:

  • Despite global elimination achievements, new leprosy case detection rates have stagnated.
  • Specific programmatic weaknesses in India are identified as key barriers.
  • Regional disparities in leprosy prevalence persist, with Southeast Asia being most affected.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing programmatic laggards in India is crucial for further reducing the global leprosy burden.
  • Sustained efforts are needed to overcome the stagnation in new case detection.
  • A targeted, forward-looking strategy is essential for eventual leprosy eradication.