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Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ehsan Ahmadpour1, Masoud Foroutan-Rad2,3, Hamidreza Majidiani2
1Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|July 24, 2019
Summary
Transfusion-transmitted malaria is a significant concern, with prevalence varying by screening method. Microscopy detected 10.54% of asymptomatic blood donors with malaria, compared to 5.36% with PCR and 0.38% with rapid tests.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Malaria transmission via blood transfusion is an avoidable risk to blood transfusion services.
- This systematic review addresses the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in asymptomatic blood donors.
- The effectiveness of various screening methods for malaria in blood donors is evaluated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in asymptomatic blood donors.
- To assess the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods for detecting malaria in blood donors.
- To compare transfusion-transmitted malaria prevalence with other transfusion-associated infections.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.
- Literature search of Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and EMBASE (1982-2017).
- Random-effects model used to analyze data from 71 studies across 21 countries.
Main Results:
- Median prevalence of malaria parasitemia in 984,975 asymptomatic donors was 10.54% (microscopy), 5.36% (PCR), and 0.38% (rapid tests).
- Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently identified species.
- Microscopy showed the highest prevalence, while rapid diagnostic tests showed the lowest.
Conclusions:
- Transfusion-transmitted malaria is a major transfusion-associated infection, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- It poses a greater risk than HIV, HCV, and HBV in endemic regions.
- Further research is needed to understand the clinical impact of transfusion-transmitted malaria.
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