Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

483
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
483
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.1K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.1K
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

13.8K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
13.8K
Household Wiring And Electrical Safety01:13

Household Wiring And Electrical Safety

1.6K
Companies that supply power to most modern households use three conductors, typically called a three-wire line. While one is neutral, the other two are both at 120 V but with opposite polarity, giving a voltage of 240 V between them. With a three-wire line, high-power appliances that require 240 V, such as electric stoves and clothes dryers, are linked between the two hot lines. 120 V appliances can be connected between the neutral and either of the hot lines. The neutral side, which is always...
1.6K
Data Validation01:03

Data Validation

6.3K
Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
6.3K
Data Validation01:15

Data Validation

583
Method validation is a crucial process in analytical chemistry designed to confirm that a given method consistently produces reliable and high-quality results. This process is essential when a method is applied to different sample matrices or when procedural modifications are made, ensuring that the results meet acceptable standards across various applications.
Key parameters for method validation include:
583

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The legacy of John Bynner.

Longitudinal and life course studies : international journal·2025
Same author

Social care in childhood and adult outcomes: double whammy for minority children?

Longitudinal and life course studies : international journal·2025
Same author

Adolescent Loneliness: A Call for Global Research and Public Health Action.

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine·2025
Same author

Socioeconomic inequalities linked to the transitioning to neurocognitive disorders and mortality.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Cardiovascular disease in adults with a history of out-of-home care during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

The Lancet regional health. Europe·2024
Same author

Cardiovascular Disease Events in Adults with a History of State Care in Childhood: Pooling of Unpublished Results from 9 Cohort Studies.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024
Same journal

Chronic health conditions and health-related economic inactivity in midlife: Evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts.

SSM - population health·2026
Same journal

Social network size and mental health among older adults in Japan: A nationwide cross-sectional analysis of the JACSIS 2024 study.

SSM - population health·2026
Same journal

How does digital financial inclusion affect the health of older adults? Evidence from China.

SSM - population health·2026
Same journal

Authority endorsements backfire and social norms fail to increase vaccination intent in post-COVID Kazakhstan.

SSM - population health·2026
Same journal

Reclaiming time as a fundamental determinant of health equity.

SSM - population health·2026
Same journal

Residential exposure to deadly gun violence and accelerated biological aging in a national sample of U.S. adolescents.

SSM - population health·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.7K

Validating overcrowding measures using the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

Noriko Cable1, Amanda Sacker1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

SSM - Population Health
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persons per room (PPR) is a reasonable indicator of socioeconomic status, but understanding health inequalities requires more detailed household data. Different overcrowding measures show fair agreement but complex associations with health and socioeconomic factors.

Keywords:
Bedroom standardModified bedroom standardOvercrowdingPerson per room ratioUK household longitudinal studyValidity

More Related Videos

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study
05:33

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Published on: September 8, 2021

7.4K
fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task
10:36

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

Published on: June 15, 2015

21.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

2.7K
How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study
05:33

How to Calculate and Validate Inter-brain Synchronization in a fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Published on: September 8, 2021

7.4K
fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task
10:36

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

Published on: June 15, 2015

21.5K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Housing Studies

Background:

  • Overcrowding is often used as a proxy for socioeconomic status and material deprivation.
  • Traditional measures like 'persons per room' (PPR) and newer methods like the 'bedroom standard' (BS) and 'modified bedroom standard' (MBS) are used to identify overcrowded households.
  • The validity of different overcrowding measures in reflecting socioeconomic status and health outcomes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the construct and face validity of three overcrowding measures: persons per room (PPR), bedroom standard (BS), and modified bedroom standard (MBS).
  • To examine the associations between these overcrowding measures and socioeconomic indicators (income, housing tenure) and health indicators (satisfaction with health, mental health via GHQ12).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study Wave 6.
  • Derived PPR, BS, and MBS measures at the household level (N=18,848) and categorized them as under-occupied, balanced, or overcrowded.
  • Assessed agreement between measures using Kappa coefficient.
  • Tested construct validity against income and housing tenure.
  • Tested face validity against satisfaction with health and GHQ12 scores using individual-level data (N=38,455).

Main Results:

  • All three overcrowding measures demonstrated fair agreement with each other (kappa=0.44).
  • PPR, BS, and MBS were similarly correlated with income and housing tenure.
  • Components of overcrowding measures showed differential associations with socioeconomic indicators and better correlation with satisfaction with health than with GHQ12.
  • The study highlights the complex relationship between overcrowding, socioeconomic status, and health.

Conclusions:

  • Persons per room (PPR) can be considered a reasonable indicator for socioeconomic status.
  • However, a comprehensive understanding of health inequalities necessitates detailed household information due to the complex mechanisms involved.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the nuanced relationships between various overcrowding measures and health outcomes.