Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026
04:51
Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: April 11, 2019
10.3K
Electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression - effectiveness and prognostic factors.
K Popiolek1, S Bejerot1, O Brus2
1Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|July 24, 2019
Summary
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively treats severe bipolar depression. Older age and fewer prior treatments predict better ECT response, while certain comorbidities may reduce effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a vital treatment for severe bipolar depression.
- However, not all patients achieve a positive response to ECT.
- Identifying predictors of ECT response is crucial for optimizing patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify prognostic factors associated with treatment response in patients hospitalized for bipolar depression receiving ECT.
- To analyze socio-demographic and clinical variables influencing ECT efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 1251 patients with bipolar depression treated with ECT in Sweden (2011-2016).
- Data sourced from national Swedish registers.
- Logistic regression models used to assess associations between patient characteristics and ECT response, defined by the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale.
Main Results:
- A high response rate of 80.2% was observed for ECT in bipolar depression.
- Older age was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of positive response.
- Comorbidities such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and prior lamotrigine treatment were linked to lower response rates.
Conclusions:
- ECT demonstrates high efficacy in treating bipolar depression.
- Key predictors of successful ECT include advanced age, absence of specific comorbidities (OCD, personality disorders), and limited prior pharmacological interventions.
More Related Videos
07:55The Optical Fractionator Technique to Estimate Cell Numbers in a Rat Model of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: July 9, 2017
12.1K
05:16Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 10, 2025
543
Related Concept Videos
01:30Electroconvulsive Therapy
979
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
979
01:05Long-term Depression
33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
01:30Bipolar Disorder
652
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
652
03:12Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
39.6K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
39.6K
01:28Depressants
385
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
385
01:23Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area
1.6K
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
1.6K