Potential Application of Upconverting Nanoparticles for Brain Photobiomodulation
Reza Meynaghizadeh-Zargar1, Farzad Salehpour1,2, Michael R Hamblin3,4,5
1Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery
|July 24, 2019
Summary
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a novel approach to brain photobiomodulation (PBM). By converting penetrating light to higher energy, UCNPs may enable deeper brain stimulation for therapeutic applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) uses light to modulate the central nervous system.
- Transcranial PBM faces challenges in reaching deeper brain structures.
- Nanoparticle engineering offers potential solutions for enhanced light delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) for improved brain PBM.
- To investigate UCNPs' ability to overcome light penetration limitations in brain tissue.
- To assess UCNPs as a delivery system for deeper brain stimulation.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing upconversion, an anti-Stokes process, to convert low-energy photons to higher-energy photons.
- Leveraging nanoparticle engineering with trivalent lanthanide ions in crystalline hosts to create UCNPs.
- Considering optimal light wavelengths (optical windows) for brain tissue penetration.
Main Results:
- Upconversion transforms penetrating light into higher-energy photons for greater biological effect.
- UCNPs demonstrate potential to cross the blood-brain barrier with low toxicity.
- Wavelengths in the third optical window offer the best light penetration in brain tissue.
Conclusions:
- UCNPs present a promising strategy for overcoming depth limitations in brain PBM.
- Targeted delivery of UCNPs to deep brain regions could enable more effective photobiomodulation.
- This approach holds potential for treating various brain disorders through enhanced PBM.
Related Concept Videos
00:52Potential Energy
42.3K
The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
Chemical bonds that form attractive forces between atoms also contain potential energy, called chemical energy. When a chemical reaction...
42.3K
01:09Potential Energy
980
A conservative force, such as a gravitational or elastic force, gives the body the capacity to do work. This capacity, measured as the potential energy, depends on the body's location or “position” relative to a fixed reference position or datum. The gravitational potential energy is considered zero at the reference point. Suppose a body is located at some vertical distance above a fixed horizontal reference or datum. In that case, the weight of the body has positive gravitational potential...
980
03:02Standard Electrode Potentials
50.0K
On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
50.0K
02:58Cell Potential and Free Energy
46.3K
Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In an electrochemical cell, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
Thus, a link can be predicted between cell potential, free energy change, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction. Cell potential can also be measured as the oxidant or the reducing strength, and similar acid-base strength measures are reflected in equilibrium...
46.3K
01:21The Resting Membrane Potential
142.0K
Overview
142.0K
01:16Electric Potential and Potential Difference
5.6K
Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
5.6K