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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Monitoring Hippo Signaling Pathway Activity Using a Luciferase-based Large Tumor Suppressor LATS Biosensor
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Hippo Enters the Competition.

Christophe Royer1, Shankar Srinivas1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.

Developmental Cell
|July 24, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Hippo pathway and YAP/TEAD activity regulate naive pluripotency and cell competition in the mouse epiblast. This research clarifies how embryos select high-potential cells for development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Naive pluripotency is crucial for early embryonic development.
  • Cell competition is a mechanism for eliminating less fit cells.
  • The Hippo pathway regulates organ size and cell proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Hippo pathway in establishing naive pluripotency.
  • To understand how cell competition functions in the epiblast.
  • To elucidate the involvement of YAP/TEAD in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression in mouse epiblast.
  • Investigating Hippo pathway signaling.
  • Studying the function of YAP/TEAD transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • The Hippo pathway is essential for maintaining naive pluripotency.
  • YAP/TEAD activity mediates cell competition in the epiblast.
  • Specific levels of YAP/TEAD signaling determine cell fate and survival.

Conclusions:

  • The Hippo pathway, via YAP/TEAD, plays a critical role in selecting high-potential cells in the early mouse embryo.
  • This mechanism ensures developmental robustness by eliminating suboptimal cells.
  • Findings provide insight into the fundamental processes of early mammalian development.