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DKA cases over the last three years: has anything changed?
T Stratigou1, N Vallianou1, B Vlassopoulou1
1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Background:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has been related mainly to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, it is not solely related to T1DM. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of DKA among type 1 and type 2 patients with diabetes mellitus, who were hospitalized in our Clinic due to DKA, as well as to determine the etiology beyond DKA.
Patients And Methods:
A cohort of 109 patients with DKA, 17-86 years of age, who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of our hospital between 2015 and 2017, were included in the study.
Results:
Among the 109 patients, 50 (45.9%) had mild DKA, 48 (44.1%) had moderate DKA, whereas 11 patients (10%) had severe DKA. Sixty-five patients (60%) developed DKA as the first manifestation of T1DM, 30 patients (27%) developed DKA in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), mainly due to the co-existence of serious infections, 11 patients (10%) had T1DM, but had omitted their insulin dosages, and 3 patients (3%) developed DKA due to unknown reasons.
Conclusions:
Most patients with DKA presented with mild and moderate DKA and only a minority presented with the severe form of the disease. The etiology of DKA was mainly T1DM and less frequent uncontrolled T2DM, usually due to the co-existence of severe infections, while only in a tiny minority, the causes remained unidentifiable.
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