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DKA cases over the last three years: has anything changed?

T Stratigou1, N Vallianou1, B Vlassopoulou1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.

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|July 25, 2019
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Summary

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often presents mildly or moderately, primarily linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can also cause DKA, frequently due to infections.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Mellitus Research

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is commonly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • DKA is not exclusively a complication of T1DM.
  • Understanding DKA prevalence and etiology in different diabetes types is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of DKA in hospitalized patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • To identify the underlying causes (etiology) of DKA in these patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study.
  • Inclusion of 109 patients hospitalized with DKA between 2015 and 2017.
  • Data collection on patient age, diabetes type, DKA severity, and precipitating factors.

Main Results:

  • Most DKA cases presented with mild (45.9%) or moderate (44.1%) severity.
  • DKA was the initial manifestation of T1DM in 60% of patients.
  • DKA occurred in 27% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, often due to severe infections.

Conclusions:

  • DKA severity is predominantly mild to moderate.
  • T1DM is the primary cause of DKA, with T2DM being a less frequent but significant cause, often triggered by infections.
  • A small percentage of DKA cases had unidentified etiologies.