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DKA cases over the last three years: has anything changed?
T Stratigou1, N Vallianou1, B Vlassopoulou1
1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|July 25, 2019
Summary
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often presents mildly or moderately, primarily linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can also cause DKA, frequently due to infections.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Diabetes Mellitus Research
Background:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is commonly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
- DKA is not exclusively a complication of T1DM.
- Understanding DKA prevalence and etiology in different diabetes types is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of DKA in hospitalized patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- To identify the underlying causes (etiology) of DKA in these patient groups.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study.
- Inclusion of 109 patients hospitalized with DKA between 2015 and 2017.
- Data collection on patient age, diabetes type, DKA severity, and precipitating factors.
Main Results:
- Most DKA cases presented with mild (45.9%) or moderate (44.1%) severity.
- DKA was the initial manifestation of T1DM in 60% of patients.
- DKA occurred in 27% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, often due to severe infections.
Conclusions:
- DKA severity is predominantly mild to moderate.
- T1DM is the primary cause of DKA, with T2DM being a less frequent but significant cause, often triggered by infections.
- A small percentage of DKA cases had unidentified etiologies.
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